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Jugovzhodna Slovenija v starejši železni dobi. Poselitev, gospodarstvo, družba.
South-Eastern Slovenia in the Early Iron Age. Settlement, economy, society.


Authors: Janez Dular, Sneža Tecco Hvala
Year: 2007


The territory of present-day Slovenia reached one of its economic and cultural peaks in the 1st millennium BC, when the Hallstatt Culture prospered, its achievements being comparable with the most developed cultures in Ancient Europe. This culture arose from Urnfield Culture roots under the influence of the Mediterranean world; they adopted the new technology of iron production, implemented a new social pattern and fully developed their artistic inspiration.

This important period of prehistory is the topic of the present monograph. The first three chapters deal with the history of research, the methodology and techniques of data acquisition, and a critical discussion of the archaeological sources. The next two chapters discuss the geographic features and characteristics of the region of SE Slovenia, with an explanation of the chronological system used in the research.
The main subject of the monograph is the settlements structures from the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age including the geographical position and the shape of the settlements, the fortification techniques and the period of occupation. Particular attention was paid to the interior layout of the settlements, the construction of building, and the house equipment. Furthermore, specific features of the settlement pattern, i.e. cemetries and hoards, are also included in the analyses.
The dynamics of the colonization processes throughout the Late Bronze Age, and Early and Late Iron Age are presented in chapter 7. This takes into consideration the characteristics of the settlement patterns, the integration process, the relationship between lowland and upland settlements, and the issue of extra muros settlement, as represented by hamlets and farmsteads in the vicinity of major centres.
The hierarchy of the settlements is defined in chapter 8. All the centres are fully described with maps, plans, and images.
The next chapter is focused on the density of settlement network in relation to natural resources (ore deposits, fertile soil, water sources) and communications, and in fact, to those factors that have a substantial impact on economic subsistence and social power.
The last chapter is dedicated to the social organization and historical turning points, which significantly marked the long-term development of this region.
The catalogue of sites at the end of the book contains 510 records with added ground-plans and bibliographic references.

***

The database, which was used as the basis for a fundamental study on settlement, economy and society, was the subject of an e-monograph Gradivo za topografijo Dolenjske, Posavja in Bele krajine v železni dobi, published in 2021 (in Slovenian only). The data are available in electronic form for researchers working on this important period of our earliest past in the future.



Table of content

  • 1. History of research / Zgodovina raziskovanj
    1.1. From the beginnings to the end of the 19th century / Od začetkov do konca devetnajstega stoletja
    1.2. Twentieth century / Dvajseto stoletje
  • 2. Data acquisition / Zajem podatkov
    2.1. Delimitation of the research area / Zamejitev raziskovalnega prostora
    2.2. Catalogue of sites / Izdelava kataloga najdišč
    2.3. Publications / Objave
  • 3. Evaluation of sources / Kritika virov
    3.1. Data acquisition and frequency / Frekvenca in način zajemanja podatkov
    3.2. Structure of the site database / Struktura najdišč
    3.3. Chronological determinability of sites / Časovna opredeljivost najdišč
    3.4. Range of the site database / Domet kataloga najdišč
  • 4. Geographic outline / Geografski oris
    4.1. Landscape features and regional division / Značilnosti pokrajine in regionalna členitev
    4.2. Geology / Geološka zgradba
    4.3. Relief / Relief
    4.4. Hidrography and water sources / Rečna mreža in vodni viri
    4.5. Climate / Podnebje
    4.6. Soil and vegetation cover / Prst in vegetacijski pokrov
    4.7. Applicability of the data on the present-day environment in prehistoric studies / Uporabnost podatkov o današnjem okolju za prazgodovinske raziskave
  • 5. Chronology / Kronologija
    5.1. Short history of the chronological system / Kratek historiat nastajanja kronologij
    5.2. Terminology / Terminologija
  • 6. Settlement structures / Poselitvene strukture
    6.1. Fortified settlements / Utrjena naselja
    6.2. Unfortified settlements / Neutrjena naselja
    6.3. Cemeteries / Grobišča
    6.4. Hoards / Depoji
  • 7. Settlement dynamics / Poselitvena dinamika
    7.1. Settlement in the Late Bronze Age / Poselitev v pozni bronasti dobi
    7.2. Settlement in the Early Iron Age / Poselitev v starejši železni dobi
    7.3. Settlement in the Late Iron Age / Poselitev v mlajši železni dobi
  • 8. Hierarchy of settlements / Hierarhija naselij
    8.1. Criteria for settlement classification / Kriteriji za razvrščanje naselij
    8.2. Identification and presentation of significant settlements / Identificiranje in predstavitev pomembnejših naselij
    8.3. Hierarchy of the centres / Hierarhija središč
  • 9. Settlements and their economic background / Naselja in njihovo gospodarsko zaledje
    9.1. Density of the settlement network / Gostota poselitvene mreže
    9.2. Natural sources / Naravni viri
    9.3. Communication and transport / Komunikacije in promet
  • 10. Social structure / Družbena struktura
    10.1. Structure of cemeteries / Struktura grobišč
    10.2. Structure of burials / Struktura pokopov
    10.3. Warriors / Bojevniki
    10.4. Women and children / Ženske in otroci
    10.5. Social organization / Družbena slika
    10.6. Social and historical turning points / Družbene in zgodovinske prelomnice
  • 11. Catalogue of sites / Katalog najdišč
  • 12. Bibliograpy / Literatura
  • 13. Indices / Indeksi
  • Appendices / Priloge



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Keywords
colonization
economy
Iron Age
Slovenia
society




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